Kerala is a state on the Malabar Coast of south-western India. To its east and north-east, Kerala borders Tamil Nadu and Karnataka; to its west lies the Arabian Sea and to its south the Indian Ocean islands of Lakshadweep and the Maldives, respectively.
The Capital of Kerala is Thiruvananthapuram, earlier called Trivandrum.
Kerala's have fourteen districts distributed among the three historical regions: Travancore (southern Kerala), Kochi (central Kerala), and Malabar (northern Kerala).Travancore consists of Idukki, Alappuzha (Alleppey), Kottayam, Pathanamthitta, Kollam (Quilon), and Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum). Kochi includes Thrissur (Trichur) and Ernakulam districts. Malabar includes (from north to south) Kasargod, Kannur (Cannanore), Wayanad (Wynad), Kozhikode (Calicut), Malappuram, and Palakkad (Palghat).
Kerala has a landmass of 38, 863 sq.km, which is wedged between the Arabian Sea to the west and the Western Ghats - identified as one of the world's twenty-five biodiversity hotspots to the east. Lying between north latitudes 8°18' and 12°48' and east longitudes 74°52' and 72°22'. Kerala is well within the humid equatorial tropics. Kerala’s coast runs for some 580 km, while the state itself varies between 35–120 km in width.
Geographically, Kerala can be divided into three climatically distinct regions: the eastern highlands (rugged and cool mountainous terrain), the central midlands (rolling hills), and the western lowlands (coastal plains). Located at the extreme southern tip of the Indian subcontinent, Kerala lies near the centre of the Indian tectonic plate; as such, most of the state (notwithstanding isolated regions) is subject to comparatively little seismic and volcanic activity. Geologically, pre-Cambrian and Pleistocene formations compose the bulk of Kerala’s terrain.
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